110th United States Congress

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110th United States Congress
United States Capitol (2007)
Duration: January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2009
President of the Senate:	Dick Cheney (R)
President pro tempore:	Robert Byrd (D)
Speaker of the House:	Nancy Pelosi (D)
Members:	99–100 Senators 429–435 Representatives 5 Non-voting members
Senate Majority:	Democratic Party
House Majority:	Democratic Party
Sessions
1st: January 4, 2007 – December 19, 2007 2nd: January 3, 2008 – January 3, 2009[1]
<109th 111th>

The One Hundred Tenth United States Congress was the meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, between January 3, 2007, and January 3, 2009, during the last two years of the second term of President George W. Bush. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census.

The Democratic Party controlled a majority in both chambers for the first time since the end of the 103rd Congress in 1995. Although the Democrats held fewer than 50 Senate seats, they had an operational majority because the two independent senators caucused with the Democrats for organizational purposes. No Democratic-held seats had fallen to the Republican Party in the 2006 elections.^[2] Democrat Nancy Pelosi became the first woman Speaker of the House.^[3] The House also received the first Muslims^[4][5] and Buddhists^[6] in Congress.

[edit] Major events

Members debated initiatives such as the Democrats' 100-Hour Plan and the Iraq War troop surge of 2007.^[7][8][9]

[edit] Support for the Iraq War

Following President Bush's 2007 State of the Union Address, Congress debated his proposal to create a troop surge to increase security in Iraq. The House of Representatives passed a non-binding measure opposing the surge and then a $124 billion emergency spending measure to fund the war, which included language that dictated troop levels and withdrawal schedules. President Bush, however, vetoed the bill as promised, making this his second veto while in office. Both houses of Congress subsequently passed a bill funding the war without timelines, but with benchmarks for the Iraqi government and money for other spending projects like disaster relief.

[edit] Other events

See also: 2007 in the United States and 2008 in the United States

• August 2, 2007 — The Republican minority disputed the results of a vote to recommit. This led to an investigation by the House Select Committee on Voting Irregularities.^[10]
• December 18, 2007 — The Senate set a record for the most cloture votes.^[11]
• November 4, 2008 — General elections - Democrats increased their congressional majorities and Senator Barack Obama was elected President.

[edit] Major legislation

Contents: Enacted • Pending or failed • Vetoed

These are partial lists of prominent enacted legislation and pending bills.

See also: 2008 Congressional Record, Vol. 154, Page D845, Resume of Congressional Activity

[edit] Enacted

Main article: List of United States federal legislation#110th United States Congress

• February 2, 2007 — House Page Board Revision Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-2, 121 Stat. 4
• May 25, 2007 — U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007, Pub.L. 110-28, 121 Stat. 112, including Title VIII: Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007, 121 Stat. 188
• June 14, 2007 — Preserving United States Attorney Independence Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-34, 121 Stat. 224
• July 26, 2007 — Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-49, 121 Stat. 246
• August 3, 2007 — Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-53, 121 Stat. 266
• August 5, 2007 — Protect America Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-55, 121 Stat. 552
• September 14, 2007 — Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, Pub.L. 110-81, 121 Stat. 735
• November 8, 2007 — Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-114, 121 Stat. 1041 - Veto Overridden
• December 19, 2007 — Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-140, 121 Stat. 1492
• February 13, 2008 — Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-185, 122 Stat. 613
• May 21, 2008 — Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, Pub.L. 110-233, 122 Stat. 881
• May 22, 2008 — Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 (2007 Farm Bill), Pub.L. 110-234, 122 Stat. 923 - Veto Overridden
• June 30, 2008 — Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-252, 122 Stat. 2323, including Title V: Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 ("G.I. Bill 2008")
• July 10, 2008 — FISA Amendments Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-261, 122 Stat. 2436
• July 29, 2008 — Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE (Junta's Anti-Democratic Efforts) Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-286, 122 Stat. 2632
• July 30, 2008 — Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-289, 122 Stat. 2654
• October 3, 2008 — Public Law 110-343 (Pub.L. 110-343), 122 Stat. 3765, including:
  • Div. A: Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, H.R. 1424;
  • Div. B: Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008; and
  • Div. C: Tax Extenders and Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008
• October 15, 2008 — Pub.L. 110-430: Setting the the beginning of the first session of the 111th Congress and the date for counting Electoral College votes, 122 Stat. 4846
• December 19, 2008 — Pub.L. 110-455: A Saxbe fix, reducing the compensation and other emoluments attached to the office of Secretary of State to that which was in effect on January 1, 2007: allowing Hillary Clinton to serve as Secretary of State despite the Emoluments Clause of the United States Constitution.

Further information: Public Laws for the 110th Congress, via THOMAS

[edit] Proposed, but not enacted

in (alphabetical order)

• America's Climate Security Act of 2007
• Auto Industry Financing and Restructuring Act
• Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007
• Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act
• District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2007
• Employee Free Choice Act
• Employment Non-Discrimination Act
• Executive Branch Reform Act
• Family and Consumer Choice Act of 2007
• Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act of 2007
• Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007
• Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007
• Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007
• Medicare Prescription Drug Price Negotiation Act of 2007
• Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2008
• Public Safety Employer-Employee Cooperation Act of 2007
• State Children's Health Insurance Program

[edit] Vetoed

• Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 (SCHIP, H.R. 976)
• Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 (SCHIP, H.R. 3963)
• Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act (H.R. 3043)
• Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007 (S. 5)
• Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (S. 1943)
• H.R. 1585: an earlier version of National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008
• H.R. 1591: an earlier version of U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007

[edit] Select committees

• Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies
• House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming
• House Select Committee on the Voting Irregularities of August 2, 2007

[edit] Hearings

• Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy hearings - (House and Senate Judiciary Committees)

See also: Congressional hearing

[edit] Party summary

[edit] Senate

Membership changed with one death and two resignations.

Affiliation	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)			Total
	Democratic	Independent	Republican		Vacant
End of previous Congress	44	1	55	100	0
Begin	49	2[12][13]	49	100	0
June 4, 2007			48	99	1
June 25, 2007			49	100	0
December 18, 2007			48	99	1
December 31, 2007			49	100	0
November 16, 2008	48			99	1
Final voting share	50.5%		49.5%
Beginning of the next Congress	57	2	41	100	0

[edit] House of Representatives

Membership fluctuated with seven deaths and eight resignations. Democrats achieved a net gain of three seats as a result of their victories in special elections. See Changes in membership, below.

Affiliation	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)		Total
	Democratic	Republican		Vacant
End of previous Congress	202	229	432	2
Begin	233	202	435	0
February 13, 2007		201	434	1
April 22, 2007	232		433	2
July 1, 2007	231		432	3
July 25, 2007		202	433	2
September 4, 2007	232		434	1
September 5, 2007		201	433	2
October 10, 2007		200	432	3
October 18, 2007	233		433	2
November 26, 2007		199	432	3
December 13, 2007		201	434	1
December 15, 2007	232		433	2
December 31, 2007		200	432	3
January 14, 2008		199	431	4
February 2, 2008		198	430	5
February 11, 2008	231		429	6
March 11, 2008	232		430	5
March 13, 2008	233		431	4
April 10, 2008	234		432	3
May 6, 2008	235		433	2
May 7, 2008		199	434	1
May 20, 2008	236		435	0
May 31, 2008	235		434	1
June 19, 2008	236		435	0
August 20, 2008	235		434	1
November 19, 2008	236		435	0
November 24, 2008		198	434	1
January 2, 2009	235		433	2
Final voting share	54.3%	45.7%
Non-voting members	4	1	5	0
Beginning of next Congress	256	178	434	1

[edit] Leadership

Contents: Senate:	Majority (Democratic) leadership • Minority (Republican) leadership
House of Representatives:	Majority (Democratic) leadership • Minority (Republican) leadership

[edit] Senate

• President of the Senate:^[14] Dick Cheney (R)
• President pro tempore: Robert Byrd (D)
• President pro tempore emeritus: Ted Stevens (R)

[edit] Majority (Democratic) leadership

• Majority Leader and Democratic Conference Chairman:^[15] Harry Reid
• Assistant Majority Leader (Majority Whip): Richard Durbin
• Democratic Conference Vice Chairman and Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Charles Schumer
• Democratic Conference Secretary: Patty Murray
• Democratic Policy Committee Chairman: Byron Dorgan
• Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee Chair: Debbie Stabenow
• Democratic Committee Outreach Chairman: Jeff Bingaman
• Democratic Committee Outreach Vice Chair: Hillary Clinton
• Democratic Rural Outreach Chair: Blanche Lincoln
• Chief Deputy Whip: Barbara Boxer
• Deputy Whips: Thomas Carper, Bill Nelson, Russell D. Feingold

[edit] Minority (Republican) leadership

• Minority Leader: Mitch McConnell
• Assistant Minority Leader (Minority Whip):Trent Lott, January 3, 2007–December 18, 2007
  • Jon Kyl, December 18, 2007–End
• Counselor to the Minority Leader: Robert Bennett
• Republican Conference Chairman: Jon Kyl, January 3, 2007–December 18, 2007
  • Lamar Alexander, December 18, 2007–End
• Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Kay Bailey Hutchison
• Republican Conference Vice Chair: John Cornyn
• National Republican Senatorial Committeee Chair: John Ensign

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker: Nancy Pelosi (D)
• Assistant to the Speaker: Xavier Becerra

[edit] Majority (Democratic) leadership

• Majority Leader: Steny Hoyer
• Majority Whip: James Clyburn
• Senior Chief Deputy Majority Whip: John Lewis
• Chief Deputy Majority Whips: Debbie Wasserman Schultz, G.K. Butterfield, Joseph Crowley, Diana DeGette, Ed Pastor, Jan Schakowsky, John S. Tanner, and Maxine Waters
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: Rahm Emanuel
• Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman: John Larson
• Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Chris Van Hollen
• Democratic Steering/Policy Committee Co-Chairs: Rosa DeLauro for Steering and George Miller for Policy

[edit] Minority (Republican) leadership

• Minority Leader: John Boehner
• Minority Whip: Roy Blunt
• Chief Deputy Minority Whip: Eric Cantor
• Republican Conference Chair: Adam Putnam
• Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Thad McCotter
• Republican Conference Vice-Chair: Kay Granger
• Republican Conference Secretary: John Carter
• Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Tom Cole

[edit] Members

• Skip to House of Representatives, below

[edit] Senate

[edit] Alabama Richard Shelby (R) Jeff Sessions (R) [edit] Alaska Ted Stevens (R) Lisa Murkowski (R) [edit] Arizona John McCain (R) Jon Kyl (R) [edit] Arkansas Blanche Lincoln (D) Mark Pryor (D) [edit] California Dianne Feinstein (D) Barbara Boxer (D) [edit] Colorado Wayne Allard (R) Ken Salazar (D) [edit] Connecticut Christopher Dodd (D) Joe Lieberman (ID) [edit] Delaware Joe Biden (D) Thomas Carper (D) [edit] Florida Bill Nelson (D) Mel Martinez (R) [edit] Georgia Saxby Chambliss (R) Johnny Isakson (R) [edit] Hawaii Daniel Inouye (D) Daniel Akaka (D) [edit] Idaho Larry Craig (R) Mike Crapo (R) [edit] Illinois Richard Durbin (D) Barack Obama (D), until November 16, 2008 Vacant, November 16, 2008–End [edit] Indiana Richard Lugar (R) Evan Bayh (D) [edit] Iowa Chuck Grassley (R) Tom Harkin (D) [edit] Kansas Sam Brownback (R) Pat Roberts (R) [edit] Kentucky Mitch McConnell (R) Jim Bunning (R) [edit] Louisiana Mary Landrieu (D) David Vitter (R) [edit] Maine Olympia Snowe (R) Susan Collins (R) [edit] Maryland Barbara Mikulski (D) Ben Cardin (D) [edit] Massachusetts Ted Kennedy (D) John Kerry (D) [edit] Michigan Carl Levin (D) Debbie Stabenow (D) [edit] Minnesota Norm Coleman (R) Amy Klobuchar (D) [edit] Mississippi Thad Cochran (R) Trent Lott (R), until December 18, 2007 Roger Wicker (R), December 31, 2007–End[16] [edit] Missouri Kit Bond (R) Claire McCaskill (D)

[edit] Montana Max Baucus (D) Jon Tester (D) [edit] Nebraska Chuck Hagel (R) Ben Nelson (D) [edit] Nevada Harry Reid (D) John Ensign (R) [edit] New Hampshire Judd Gregg (R) John E. Sununu (R) [edit] New Jersey Frank Lautenberg (D) Bob Menendez (D) [edit] New Mexico Pete Domenici (R) Jeff Bingaman (D) [edit] New York Charles Schumer (D) Hillary Clinton (D) [edit] North Carolina Elizabeth Dole (R) Richard Burr (R) [edit] North Dakota Kent Conrad (D) Byron Dorgan (D) [edit] Ohio George Voinovich (R) Sherrod Brown (D) [edit] Oklahoma James Inhofe (R) Tom Coburn (R) [edit] Oregon Ron Wyden (D) Gordon Smith (R) [edit] Pennsylvania Arlen Specter (R) Bob Casey, Jr. (D) [edit] Rhode Island Jack Reed (D) Sheldon Whitehouse (D) [edit] South Carolina Lindsey Graham (R) Jim DeMint (R) [edit] South Dakota Tim Johnson (D) John Thune (R) [edit] Tennessee Lamar Alexander (R) Bob Corker (R) [edit] Texas Kay Bailey Hutchison (R) John Cornyn (R) [edit] Utah Orrin Hatch (R) Robert Bennett (R) [edit] Vermont Patrick Leahy (D) Bernie Sanders (I) [edit] Virginia John Warner (R) Jim Webb (D) [edit] Washington Patty Murray (D) Maria Cantwell (D) [edit] West Virginia Robert Byrd (D) Jay Rockefeller (D) [edit] Wisconsin Herbert Kohl (D) Russ Feingold (D) [edit] Wyoming Michael Enzi (R) Craig Thomas (R), until June 4, 2007 John Barrasso (R), June 25, 2007–End

[edit] House of Representatives

Further information: List of United States Congressional districts for maps of congressional districts.

Section contents: Alabama — Alaska — Arizona —Arkansas — California — Colorado — Connecticut — Delaware — Florida — Georgia — Hawaii — Idaho — Illinois — Indiana — Iowa — Kansas — Kentucky — Louisiana — Maine — Maryland — Massachusetts — Michigan — Minnesota — Mississippi — Missouri — Montana — Nebraska — Nevada — New Hampshire — New Jersey — New Mexico — New York — North Carolina — North Dakota — Ohio — Oklahoma — Oregon — Pennsylvania — Rhode Island — South Carolina — South Dakota — Tennessee — Texas — Utah — Vermont — Virginia — Washington — West Virginia —