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Narendra Modi

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Narendra Modi
Narendra Modi
Preceded by Keshubhai Patel
Constituency Maninagar
Born 17 September 1950
Vadnagar, Mehsana district, Gujarat, India
Political party Bharatiya Janata Party
Spouse none
Children none
Residence Gandhinagar, Gujarat
Religion Hindu
As of [[18 June]], 2006
Source: Government of Gujarat

Narendra Damodardas Modi (Gujarati: નરેંદ્ર દામોદરદાસ મોદી, IPA: [nəɾɛn̪d̪ɾə d̪ämod̪əɾd̪äs mod̪i]; born 17 September 1950[1]) is the Chief Minister of the state of Gujarat since 7 October 2001.

He participated in the rise to political dominance of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Gujarat as its elections organiser in the early 1990s. This was the period which led to the election of the party in 1995. He became Gujarat's Chief Minister in October 2001, promoted to the office at a time when his predecessor Keshubhai Patel had resigned, following the defeat of BJP in the by-elections.

He was re-elected in December 2002 as chief minister with 127 seats in the 182-member assembly. His term has been both attacked for mismanagement of and complicity in the 2002 Gujarat violence,[2] and praised for outstanding administration for turning Gujarat into an economic powerhouse and controlling terrorism.[3][4]

In July 2007 he became the longest serving Chief Minister in Gujarat's history when he had been in power for 2063 days continuously.[5]

He was elected again for a third term[6] on December 23, 2007 with an emphatic win in the state elections, which he had cast as a "referendum on his rule".[7][8]

Contents

Biography

Modi was born on 17 September 1950 to a middle class family in northern Mehsana district of Gujarat. He completed his schooling in Vadnagar and gained a masters graduate degree in Political Science from Gujarat University. As a young man, he joined the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, a student organization and was involved in the anti-corruption Nav Nirmāṇ ("Reconstruction") Movement. After working as a full time organizer for the organization, he was later nominated as its representative in the Bharatiya Janata Party.[9] He joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in early 1987[10]. He helped maintain the relations between the RSS and the BJP. In 1988 he became the General Secretary of the Gujarat State BJP unit. In 1995 he became the National Secretary of the party with the charge of five major states. He is believed to be a protégé of Lal Krishna Advani, who is a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party himself. Advani has praised Modi on numerous occasions, referring to him as "a leader who, after being subjected to a malicious and prolonged campaign of vilification, has been able to impress even his critics with his determination, single-minded focus, integrity and a wide array of achievements in a relatively short time."[11]

Chief Ministership

Gujarat earthquake

In October 2001 Modi was asked by BJP to head the government in Gujarat. At this time the state was facing a lot of problems due to recent natural calamities like the massive Gujarat Earthquake in January 2001. In this critical situation Modi is credited with starting immediate work to re-organize and stimulate the local economy.[12]

Economic growth

Modi took charge of Gujarat when its economy was shrinking and the domestic growth was stagnant.[4]. Faced with massive economic losses he re-organised the government's administrative structure and embarked upon a massive cost-cutting exercise.[13] As a result of his elaborate efforts Gujarat registered a GDP growth rate of over 10% during his first tenure. This was the highest growth rate among all the Indian provinces and was not missed by the media.[14] Continuing this extra-ordinary run, over the last year GDP growth rate was registered at 11.5%.[15]

Gujarat violence

Main article: 2002 Gujarat violence

In February 2002, while Narendra Modi was the Chief Minister of Gujarat, violence broke out across the state claiming around 1000 lives. Independent estimates by human rights groups and NGOs place the figure higher to around 2000. The official estimate stated that 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus were killed, 223 people were reported missing and 2,500 were injured.[16] More than one hundred and fifty thousand people were displaced. Organisations such as Human Rights Watch criticised the Indian government for its failure to address the resulting humanitarian crisis. Overwhelming majority of the displaced were Muslims who had to flee their homes for refugee camps due to riots.[17] The root cause of riots was attributed to the Godhra Train Burning incident in which 58 Hindu Kar Sevaks were burnt alive in a train carriage. The Banerjee committee, set up by Railway Minister Lalu Prasad in September 2004, in its report submitted in 2005 had said the burning of S-6 coach of Sabarmati express on February 27, 2002 was an accident.[18]

Investigations, judicial and non-governmental

Subsequent reports from Human Rights Watch and the national Human Rights Commission claimed that Modi and his ministers had a tacit, if not explicit, complicity in the riots. The report was quoted and expanded on by the United States State Department's country human rights reports for 2003.[19] The National Human Rights Commission criticized the government, pointing to "a comprehensive failure on the part of the State Government of Gujarat to control persistent violations of rights".[20] The claims of Human Rights Watch and associated groups were rejected by Modi, the BJP and its supporters as politically motivated.

A judicial commission constituted to examine allegations of Gujarat state administration's involvement in the riots of 2002 has said twice so far that there was no evidence as yet to implicate either Modi or his administration in the riots.[21]

An October 2007 report by the investigative newsmagazine Tehelka quoted several Sangh Parivar activists claiming that Modi was personally aware of the planning for the riots[22]. However this was rejected by the Nanavati Commission. Some political journalists and politicians have subsequently questioned the veracity of Nanavati Commission's report.[23][24].

Political fallout

As an aftermath of the riots, there were calls for Modi to resign from his position as chief minister of Gujarat. The opposition parties stalled the national parliament over the issue. Even DMK and TDP, allies of the BJP, asked for Modi's resignation.[25][26] Modi submitted his resignation to the Governor and recommended the dissolution of the 10th Gujarat Legislative Assembly.[27][28] In the following state re-elections the BJP, led by Modi, won 127 seats in the 182-member assembly.

Denied entry into USA

The United States revoked a visa for Modi the following year, on the accusation that he was responsible for violations of religious freedom as per the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998.[29] He was again denied a visa to the United States in August of 2008 for his human and religious rights violations. [30] The Coalition against Genocide (CAG) said that they have urged the state Department to put a lifetime ban on issuing a US visa to Narendra Modi. [31]

Indian PM Manmohan Singh criticized the decision as anti-India. Even though Manmohan belongs to the opposition Congress Party.[32]

2007 elections

Modi's 2007 election campaign was marked with some passionate speeches reflecting his vision for Gujarat and his aggressive leadership. One such speech was given at Magrol in response of Sonia Gandhi's speech calling him a "merchant of death",[33] and referred to Sohrabuddin's killings. For this speech the Election Commission of India, a constitutional body governing election proceedings in India, cautioned Modi as it considered it as indulging in an activity which may aggravate existing differences between different communities (namely Hindu-Muslim), create mutual hatred and cause communal tensions. This amounted to violation of the provision of clause [1] and [3] of the Model Code of Conduct during an election campaign. However a similar procedure was not brought against Sonia Gandhi causing a lot of furore in Modi's supporters.[34]


Position on terrorism

On 18 July 2006, Modi delivered a speech criticizing Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh "for his reluctance to revive anti-terror legislations" such as the Prevention of Terrorism Act. He asked the Centre to empower states to invoke tougher laws in the wake of the blasts in Mumbai.[35] Quoting Modi:

“ Terrorism is worse than a war. A terrorist has no rules. A terrorist decides when, how, where and whom to kill. India has lost more people in terror attacks than in its wars.[35] ”

Narendra Modi frequently says that if the BJP wins the next General Election in India, they will honor the 2004 Supreme Court judgement to hang Afzal Guru.[36] Afzal was convicted of terrorism in the 2001 Indian Parliament attack in 2004 by the Supreme Court of India and is in Tihar Jail.[37]

During the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, on Thursday 27 November, Narendra Modi held a meeting to discuss waterfront security along the coastline.[38] At the conclusion of the meeting, it was decided that a number of steps be taken to improve security:

  • Increase the number of police stations along the coast to 50 (from 10)
  • Increase the number of police to 1500 from 250
  • 30 modern high-speed surveillance boats (there are currently none)

Awards and Recognition

References

  1. ^ [1]Birth date as per personal website
  2. ^ "Don't mention the massacre", The Economist (December 8, 2007), pp. 47. 
  3. ^ Swapan Dasgupta. "Cover story: Narendra Modi - Face of Discord". India Today. Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
  4. ^ a b Laveesh Bhandari (October 15, 2007). "Riots+economic growth=?", Indian Express. Retrieved on 9 May 2008. 
  5. ^ Modi becomes longest serving CM of Gujarat
  6. ^ "Modi begins new term in Gujarat", BBC News. Retrieved on 7 May 2008. 
  7. ^ "Hindu Leader Begins 3rd Term in Gujarat", ABC News. Retrieved on 7 May 2008. 
  8. ^ "Narendra Modi begins third innings as Gujarat CM", The Times of India. Retrieved on 7 May 2008. 
  9. ^ "Biography - Narendra Modi". Retrieved on 2008-05-08.
  10. ^ OfficialBiography
  11. ^ "Gujarat CM Modi, is a role model", Press Trust of India. Retrieved on 16 November 2007. 
  12. ^ Modi for early revival of Kutch economy The Hindu - October 21, 2007
  13. ^ Chief Minister - Government of Gujarat
  14. ^ How to achieve 10% GDP growth Rediff - 16 March 2006
  15. ^ Don't mention the massacre Economist - December 6, 2007
  16. ^ "Gujarat riot death toll revealed", BBC News (May 11, 2005). Retrieved on 15 April 2006. 
  17. ^ Gujarat Officials Took Part in Anti-Muslim Violence -Human Rights Watch
  18. ^ - 'Godhra was an accident, reiterates Banerjee' - September 25, 2008
  19. ^ "Modi allowed riots to brew: US report", The Times of India (March 18, 2005). Retrieved on 9 May 2008. 
  20. ^ "We have no orders to save you". Human Rights watch (2005). Retrieved on 2006-11-02.
  21. ^ http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/05/19/stories/2003051901471300.htm Gujarat riots: `no evidence against administration'
  22. ^ The Economist
  23. ^ The Hindu
  24. ^ Times of India
  25. ^ "Gujarat Cabinet puts off decision on elections", The Tribune. Retrieved on 9 May 2006. 
  26. ^ "Congress demands Modi's resignation over Bannerjee report". United News of India. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
  27. ^ "Modi resigns; seeks Assembly dissolution", The Hindu. Retrieved on 9 May 2006. 
  28. ^ "Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi resigns; assembly dissolved", Rediff.com. Retrieved on 17 November 2007. 
  29. ^ Krittivas Mukherjee. "Five years on, India's "modern-day Nero" prospers", Reuters. Retrieved on 9 May 2008. 
  30. ^ Template:Http://narendra-modi-news.newslib.com/?only=visa
  31. ^ Template:Http://thepeacetimes.net/2008/08/us-visa-narendra-modi-is-banned-from-entrying-us/
  32. ^ http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=43531 Indian Express - Manmohan wants Modit to get Visa]
  33. ^ Sonia's 'merchants of death' was aimed at Modi: Cong[2]
  34. ^ Election Commission Official Notice to Mr. Modi[3]
  35. ^ a b "Mahatma on lips, Modi fights Centre", The Telegraph (19 July 2006). Retrieved on 9 May 2008. 
  36. ^ [4]
  37. ^ Indo-Asian News Service - Afzal Guru's guilty verdict
  38. ^ [5]
  39. ^ [6]
  40. ^ [7]
  41. ^ [8]

External links

Preceded by
Keshubhai S. Patel		 Chief Minister of Gujarat
6 October 2001 – present		 Succeeded by
incumbent
v • d • e
Sangh Parivar
Organisations
Major figures
Philosophy
Retrieved from "http://our-encyclopedia.com/w/en/Narendra_Modi"
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