Vicara
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Vicara (Sanskrit: Vicāra) means the way mind maintains attention toward any object. It first referred to Hindu yoga, later in Buddhist meditation.
[edit] In Buddhism
Table: Jhāna-related factors. |
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| first jhāna |
second jhāna |
third jhāna |
fourth jhāna |
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| sensuality (kāma), unskillful qualities (akusala dhamma) |
secluded from, withdrawn |
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| applied thought (vitakka) |
accom- panies jhāna |
stilled | ||
| sustained thought (vicāra) |
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| rapture (pīti) |
seclusion- born; pervades body |
samādhi- born; pervades body |
fades away (as does distress) |
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| pleasure (sukha) |
pervades physical body |
aban- doned (as is pain) |
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| pure, mindful equanimity (upekkhā- sati- pārisuddhi) |
[internal confidence, mental unification] |
equani- mous, mindful |
neither pleasure nor pain; permeates body with pure mind |
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Table's sources:
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Vicara is a term of buddhist psychology. This term is mostly used to describe the internal feeling of the yogi who practices samatha bhavana, that is the meditation technique consisting in focusing the mind to one single point. Nevertheless, this term can be used to describe the practice of vipassana or even, outside of any meditation context, the simple fact to maintain awareness on any object.
In the meditation practices, the mind catches a mental object (see: vitakka), which means the meditator try to notice a feeling and to stay aware of it. He cultivates consciousness of this object - and the term object is understood as a psychological object, a perception.
Vicara is focusing on an object, and holding it in consciousness, to meditate on it - Like meditating over a candle flame. You meditate on the flame, watch it move, so eventually you are no longer yourself, but you can "become" the flame. The meditator focusses all his attention on the object but not on the self image, or the distinction between himself and his environment.
Vicara eventually becomes one of the five factors of the first jhana.
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